SASACC ANGLING CODE OF CONDUCT

SA SPORT ANGLERS AND CASTING CONFEDERATION

CODE OF CONDUCT FOR SPORT AND RECREATIONAL ANGLING IN SOUTH AFRICA

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Angling including aquaculture, provide a vital source of employment, recreation, trade and economic well being for people throughout the world, both for present and future generations and should therefore be conducted in a responsible manner.

1.2. This Code sets out principles and standards of behaviour for responsible practices with a view to ensuring the effective conservation, management and development of living aquatic resources, with due respect for the ecosystem and biodiversity. The Code recognises the competitive, recreational economic, social, environmental and cultural importance of angling, and the interests of all those concerned with the angling sector. The Code takes into account the biological characteristics of the resources and their environment and the interests of participants and other users.

1.3. The Code was designed to guide specialist anglers through the pitfalls of suitable conduct and the methods employed in the angling sport and the Code has been widened to include all aspects of recreational angling. The Code is a detailed document intended to offer guidance to individuals and groups, and also as a basis in whole or part for club rule-books.

1.4. This code is designed to complement the existing legislative framework and provides a commonsense guide to values and behaviour to which anglers should aspire. The Code is furthermore designed to allow an interaction sympathetically with the environment and with the other conservationists who share our waters, and to protect our quarry. Rules are best kept to a minimum, but are necessary to ensure we adhere to the highest standards. Above all, enjoy the sport, look after the fish and respect other wildlife along with the environment as a whole!

1.5. Competitive and recreational anglers have a responsibility to look after fisheries resources for the benefit of the environment and future generations of fishers. This Code of Conduct provides guidelines to minimise conflicts on the water, and should be adopted by all fishers.

2. ANGLING CONFEDERATION AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

2.1. Unite and represent all Member Federations and Associations at national, provincial and club level, to maximise angling’s collective voice.

2.2. To defend all the angling rights and interests of our Member Federations and Member Association and specialist anglers.

2.3. To represent at Member Federations and Member Associations at national and International Level, in particular with regard to environmental and political matters of concern to angling.

2.4. To secure funding to further the cause of angling and the environment

2.5. To campaign on behalf of members for a cleaner aquatic environment, and to support those organisations already active in these areas.

2.6. Resist and challenge threats to angling and the environment.

2.7. To continue to provide a unified body for the benefit of all members, member groups and specialist anglers.

2.8. Promote the universal adoption of a responsible code of conduct for anglers.

2.9. To encourage ALL anglers to take positive action to protect their sport

2.10. Develop ongoing dialogue with other established conservation groups.

2.11. Build a closer rapport between all anglers and Environmental boedies.

2.12. To play an active role in formulating any legislation which impacts on angling and its environment

2.13. Combat anti-angling propaganda.

2.14. Develop local conservation associations to further protect our waterways.

2.15. To collect and record factual information on notable fish captures through a voluntary reporting scheme.

3. ALWAYS SEEK PERMISSION WHEN ENTERING PRIVATE PROPERTY

3.1. Having access to fishing waters within private property is a privilege, not a right.

3.2. Respect the rights of the property holders by:

(a) Gaining permission prior to entering private property.

(b) Not interfering with livestock or crops in any way.

(c) Leaving all gates as they were found.

4. USE ESTABLISHED ACCESS ROADS AND TRACKS

4.1. Off-road driving or "bush bashing" causes erosion and vegetation loss; likewise tramping across sand dunes, reef beds and other fragile areas can cause damage.

4.2. Use established walking tracks and avoid driving on beaches. Protecting sand dunes and vegetation will help minimise beach and bankside erosion. Pay particular attention to the ongoing and often unacceptable impacts created by vehicles accessing inland area on unformed dirt roads and tracks during wet weather conditions. Damage caused during these times can lead to costly remedial works and potential closures of important access roads.

5. PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT

5.1. Awareness of and Compliance with Angling Regulations

Anglers must acquaint themselves with all fisheries regulations, size and bag limits. Adherence to the regulations will benefit angling for the future.

5.2. Litter and Nylon Line

(a) The health of our fish resources depends upon the health of our environment. Damage to our environment can inadvertently harm the fish you are trying to catch.

(b) Litter is anti-social and unsightly. Carry rubbish bags with you. Dispose of rubbish, unwanted fishing gear and bait scraps in appropriate refuse receptacles or take them home when you leave. Only leave footprints wherever you go.

(c) Discarded nylon line is particularly hazardous to wildlife. Discarded line should be burnt or cut into short lengths before disposal to avoid entangling wildlife at waste tips. Crack-offs on the cast, and snagged rigs in either bankside or underwater environments, should be removed immediately where practicable or reported to club bailiffs for removal.

(d) Choose your own swim with care to reduce the risk of snagging on trees or bankside vegetation.

(e) Temporary floats such as balloons, which are jerked free from the line when the bait reaches the required area, constitute litter, and must always be recovered.

5.3. Wildlife and the bankside

(a) Respect the environment and minimise disruption to waterside wildlife. Do not light fires, and avoid damage to fences or crops. Do not break down bankside vegetation, although the judicious trimming of plants is acceptable to re-establish existing angling 'pegs' or 'swims'. This should be done carefully and sympathetically, taking out only what is necessary in order to fish the area properly and leaving the surroundings in a tidy condition. In all cases, check that club rules allow pruning by individuals. Be aware of plants, animals and native fauna you may encounter when fishing.

(b) New swims should only be cut with the permission of the venue owner or tenant, taking due consideration for the environment and to anglers in existing swims.

(c) Some birds nest on shingle islands at gravel pits, or in the bankside, not just in trees, bushes and reedbeds as we commonly think. Disturbing some protected birds is illegal. Note that, on occasion, venue owners may designate swims temporarily out of bounds because they are adjacent to nesting birds. Always treat this with the utmost respect and comply.

(d) Never leave rods on the bank with hooks still baited, as these food items could be picked up by birds or animals.

(e) Beware of birds swimming into your line or picking up surface baits, as major entanglements can follow. Remember too, that swans can easily reach food a metre below the surface. To avoid unnecessary problems, try not to fish where people habitually feed water-fowl.

(f) Never attempt to restrain an injured large bird or animal, by holding onto line it may be caught in or hooked to. Severe injury and heightened trauma often follow. Cut the line and report the matter to rescue organisations. Smaller birds can often be best dealt with by unhooking or freeing at the time of the incident, or being held comfortably in a small box or other dark space if treatment is required.

(g) Always carry the contact telephone numbers of recue organisations with you and report sick or injured animals to them. The problem may not be angling-related and may give warning of a serious problem at the water. Either way, report the incident for the sake of the wildlife living by the water.

(h) Working parties and other bankside management should be undertaken in a sympathetic manner, to manage and improve the habitat for all wildlife, creating a total environment into which the angler will fit, but does not dominate.

5.4. Hygiene

On waters where toilets are not provided, anglers should carry and always use a trowel or suitable trenching tool.

5.5. Pollution

Environmental organisations runs a total service to fight pollution and improve water quality on our behalf. Report serious pollution to governmental and angling environmental organisations and/or officers. The environment orginasation hotlines should be printed on angling lisences and club membership cards. This numbers can also be used to report illegal fish movements, fish-stealing or introduction. There are also voluntary bodies who works unceasingly on our behalf and also fights for compensation through the civil courts when pollution does take place.

6. GENERAL BEHAVIOUR

6.1. Respect the rights of other anglers and users

(a) Always park your vehicle considerately and safely, especially on farmland.

(b) Show consideration to other anglers and water users. It is good angling practice to minimise bankside noise and movement, and to avoid fishing in a way which interferes with other water users.

(c) Always consider the peace and quiet enjoyed by residents on or close to fisheries at all times, but especially at night.

(d) Avoid crowding fellow anglers either on the shore or on the water. Crowding and "hogging" jetty space detracts from the recreational fishing experience. The rights of all users of the fisheries resource should always be respected.

(e) Before joining other anglers for a social chat, consider that this is not always welcome. If you do so, remove your bait from the water. Also, do not use any equipment such as mobile phones, radios or TVs which are audible to others. Do not shout or use bad language.

(f) Avoid casting into other anglers' swims, or distance casting that stops other anglers from fishing areas of a water normally accessible from their swim. If using two or more rods (subject to Agency byelaws and local club rules), remember that rod butts must not be further apart than a maximum spread of three metres.

(g) Be aware of any specific rules relating to the fishery - and observe them.

(h) Always be aware of your surroundings and the impact you may have when fishing.

(i) Do not use bright lights at night; use a shaded torch only.

6.2. Angling Licences and Angling Permits

(a) Always purchase and carry your valid angling licences and or angling permits with you and abide by its regulations..

(b) We strongly recommend that day-tickets and season-tickets should be issued by clubs and angling organisations only on production of a valid angling licence

(c) Always be polite and helpful to Nature Concervation staff - they are there to help you and to protect your interests.

(d) Be sure to read and understand legislation, byelaws and the ordinances of the province or region where you are angling, there are sometimes significant differences in what is allowed between provinces. It is your responsibility to be aware of these restrictions.

6.3. General Safety

(a) When long casting, watch out for people on the far bank or other water users in case the line breaks. Always use an adequate breaking-strain line when using heavy weights. Shock leaders are recommended for heavyweight distance casting. Always ensure that they are securely attached to the main line and that they are safe, so that any knot will pass through the rig should a breakage occur.

(b) Be aware of the dangers of wading and never wade where you are not sure it is safe to do so. The use of a wading-staff or landing-net pole will provide warning of sudden depth changes or a soft river bed. On flooded rivers, beware of undercut banks and rising water levels.

(c) Never fish within 30 metres of any electric power lines. Never forget you can be electrocuted even if your rod or pole does not actually touch a power line-watch out! Look out for warning signs.

(d) Always notify someone of where you intend to fish and what time you are expected to return.

(e) In pulling for a break to free a snagged line, be aware leads/tackle, (even a float) can fly back and cause serious injury. Apply leverage sideways away from you, or at least turn away from the direction of pull to safeguard your eyes; thick clothing may also help avoid injury.

(f) Always wear a life-jacket or other buoyancy aid when fishing from a boat, even though you may be a competent swimmer.

(g) When fishing from very steep, slippery river-banks it is sensible to use a length of rope tied to a tree or post for assistance. You may also wish to consider wearing a lightweight buoyancy aid.

(h) Never walk out onto frozen waters. The ice is usually too thin to support a person's weight. Falling in can lead to lives being lost, both yours and those of any rescuers.

(i) Take care when moving about at night. We suggest carrying a whistle in order to attract attention in an emergency.

(j) Anglers should be aware of the dangers of infected water. Cover any open cuts, however small, with waterproof dressings. Food must not be put on the ground and hands must be as clean as possible when eating and preparing food. Never put wet line in your mouth or trim knots with your teeth. Most cases start with an influenza-like illness, which resolves in two to three weeks. Common features are sudden onset of fever, intense headache, severe pains in calf and back muscles, red eyes and prostration. Some cases develop abdominal pains with diarrhoea and vomiting or meningitis. If these symptoms occur, consult a doctor immediately.

(k) In the case of severe infestation, it should be reported to the water owner. If waters are publicly owned, report to the Environmental Health Services at your local borough or district council.

6.4. Match Angling Code

(a) All competitors must be in possession of a valid angling licence.

(b) All matches should be run in accordance with laid down rules; ideally these should be the Governing Body rules, and all competitors should be aware of these rules at the outset. These rules must include compliance with local byelaws.

(c) Every care must be taken to ensure no inconvenience is caused to others unless by previous agreement; this includes the parking of vehicles.

(d) Competitors should only fish swims which have been drawn/allocated.

(e) Every care must be taken to safeguard fish and other wildlife.

(f) At the weigh-in, fish must be moved to the mouth of the keep-net whilst it is still in the water, large fish should be placed on the scales individually.

(g) All competitors must ensure that their swims are clear of litter. Failure to do so will mean automatic disqualification.

(h) Remember that in a match irresponsible behaviour by one competitor often leads to action being taken against all.

6.5. Implementing Child Protection in Angling

(a) The Angling Confederation and its Member Federations have put together an easy to use Child Protection Pack as a model of good practice, which includes Template Forms, an Action Plan and contact numbers.

7. TACKLE, RIGS AND BAITS

7.1. Tackle

(a) Always use balanced tackle that is in good condition and suitable for the species and angling situation. If in doubt, seek advice.

(b) Be aware that 'line class' records can give rise to angling with tackle that is far too light for the intended quarry. This is actively discouraged.

(c) Do not fish in areas where lost fish are a virtual certainty (i.e. excessively snaggy swims).

(d) When fishing canals and with poles do not place your pole across the towpath, restricting the access rights of other users. The same applies to park lakes and other busy places with public access.

(e) Ensure that spare poles and pole sections are positioned parallel to the bank, preferably on a pole rack, to allow unobstructed passage for other bankside users.

(f) When landing fish ensure that your pole can be unshipped without causing similar obstruction.

(g) Always ensure that you remove your pole in good time to allow boats to pass.

(h) Never allow your pole to encroach onto other people's gardens, fences and paths etc without permission.

(i) Do not leave your pole unattended with a baited hook-left in the water; it endangers fish, is particularly vulnerable to tackle loss, and is illegal (Environment Agency Bylaw), and baited hooks left out of the water can be picked up by birds and animals.

(j) Pole fishing leaves you particularly vulnerable to overhead power cables.

(k) Take the weight of long poles across your knees to reduce the risk of back strain.

7.2. Rod numbers/night fishing

(a) Never leave baited rods unattended or unsupervised. While fishing, all rods should be under sufficient control of the angler. Note that that there are rod limit determined by angling licences, bylaw and the angling controlling boedies rules and regulations.

(b) Whilst on waters with low fish densities multiple rods can be used with no detrimental effects, where fish stocks are high multiple rod usage may not be appropriate and a number of points should be taken into consideration when deciding on the number to use;

(c) A single rod approach would be more suitable for certain types of fishing. When fishing for less pressurized fish, or alternatively, fish that are wary of disturbance, a single rod approach can be more effective. The following must be taken into account:

(i) Are you able to fully control multiple rods, and use them sensibly, without impeding the fishing of others in any way? The swim must also be able to accommodate them too.

(ii) Will you be in control of all rods in use, with effective visual and/or audible bite indication (preferably both) on each? On no account should baited rods be left unattended or unsupervised

(iii) It is recommended that some spacing is left between rods through using either two pods of two rods each, or single bank sticks, to help avoid tangles. Note however that the rods must be placed such that the distance between the butts of the end rods does not exceed three metres.

(d) Multiple rod usage can certainly enhance angling productivity, but use only when suitable! We would also add that long stay anglers in particular often fish whilst asleep, which is completely acceptable providing bite alarms are properly used to ensure a bite wakes the angler instantly. Do check buzzers will wake you even when asleep, extension boxes will provide good warning without disturbing other anglers. Also consider speed of access to your rods by putting the bivvy as close as possible, and leaving the door and sleeping bag unzipped whenever practical.

7.3. Rigs

(a) Your first priority is the safety and well-being of the fish.

(b) Tether-rigs mut not be used. If the line breaks, the tackle must be free to slide off the line - a towed lead, feeder or float could snag and trap the fish.

(c) Remember that if shock-leaders are used, the leader-knot must always be able to slide through the rig. Also consider the use of barbless or reduced barb hooks as an additional precaution.

(d) While the deliberate foul-hooking of fish is illegal, it is inevitable that this occasionally happens accidentally. Accidentally foul-hooked fish must immediately be returned to the water. Other byelaws limit the number and/or size of hooks that may be used in conjunction with a single rod or attached to a lure, in order to reduce the likelihood of foul-hooking fish. Avoid rigs that are likely to result in foulhooking. Similarly, rigs that are likely to result in deep-hooking of fish should be avoided.

(e) Great consideration should be given before using double-hook rigs, where two separately baited hooks are employed on the same rod. Extreme caution should be taken, and they should not be used in heavy weed. They may also be banned in some regions by the local byelaws. To avoid the dangers of leaving a fish tethered to a snag in the event of a break in the main line, both hook links must be free to slide off the line.

(f) Please use barbless or reduced barb hooks wherever possible; the widespread use of these should be actively encouraged, especially barbless in the smaller sizes, 14 downwards. Note however some anglers believe large barbless hooks can be harmful, particularly for perch.

(g) Bent hooks should not be used (The term "bent" hooks refers to certain long shank carp hooks bent at 30° in the middle)

(h) The use of most sizes of lead weights is illegal and non-toxic weights are widely available. Lead weights of 0.06 grams (No.8 shot) or less or of more than 28.35 grams (1oz) may be used. While it is legal to use lead "dust" shot in size 8 and smaller, they are toxic if ingested by birds, and should be used with care; always use in spill-proof containers and dispose of used lead safely at home.

(i) Lead core leaders as used for carp fishing can easily tangle on underwater snags due to their tendency to wrap around snags, etc. and tether a fish, should the main-line break. There is a substantial body of opinion against the use of lead-core leaders. If they are to be used we strongly recommend that extreme caution be exercised and the following points be adopted;

(i) Maximum length of lead core leader should be 3Õ, holding down longer lengths of line than this can easily be achieved by using flying back-leads

(ii) Leads MUST be able to slide over the leader-knot so a lost fish is not also towing the lead as well as the leader; splicing the two lines together in accordance with the instructions given by the manufacturers of lead core is usually sufficient to achieve this but do CHECK that the lead can detach itself from the leader

(iii) 0.30 mm (5kg) minimum main line to be used

(iv) As an added precaution the use of safety leads (inline) or safety-clips (pendant) which release the lead, is recommended; check that the safety clip does release the lead properly

(v) Lead core should not be used with helicopter-rigs as there are too many opportunities for the hook link to jam on the lead core, leaving a lost fish towing a lead

(vi) Consider using a barbless hook as an added precaution to release a tethered fish

(vii) Lead core should never be used on weedy or snag filled waters (which would in any case largely work against the purpose of lead core).

(j) Wire traces must always be used for fish species who can bite through the trace, leaving hooks etc. in the fish, with potentially fatal results.

(k) For lure-fishing too, regardless of target species, wire traces should be used.

(l) It is recognised that the use of wire traces may be an impediment to eel and perch angling. As a first step, please consider the use of wire covered with soft silicone tubing. Failing this, employ braids with a high degree of abrasion resistance as a hook link. For eels, perch and catfish, use a single hook only (though not stainless steel, which does not easily corrode); do not use double or treble hooks. If a pike or zander does still take this, and bites through the hook link, a single hook is very unlikely to cause any damage.

(m) If pike or zander are taking baits presented on hook-links for eels, catfish, perch or chub, carefully consider changing bait or venue, or in the case of eels and perch, accepting a lower catch rate through reverting to wire traces.

7.4. Baits

(a) Always use free bait offerings and groundbait in sensible quantities to ensure that uneaten food does not accumulate especially in small, shallow bodies of still water. This will protect the quality of the aquatic environment and safeguard other anglers' sport.

(b) Observe angling rules on bait restrictions.

8. FISH HANDLING

8.1. Essential Equipment:

(a) Carry and use a knotless landing net, big enough for the intended species and which will minimise tangling with treble hooks. Dual mesh nets also help. The top wide mesh reduces water drag when the net is raised, and the close mesh or sacking base enfolds the fish while ensuring no damage is done to the fins or the scales.

(b) Use a disgorger and forceps.

(c) Use a quality unhooking mat suitable for large fish.

(d) Use a weigh sling or bag in good condition.

(e) Use anti-bacterial solutions suitable for fish.

8.2. Handling:

(a) Always use an unhooking mat spread on a soft flat surface, rather than on uneven or hard bankside (e.g. gravel).

(b) Be aware that watch straps, lapel badges and jewellery could catch on, and damage, a fish.

(c) Minimise the time the fish is out of water, and handle it as little as possible. Covering the head of the fish with a wet cloth or piece of wet netting will help keep it calm and stop it flapping.

(d) Note that deep-hooked fish should survive if the hook cannot be removed. Cut the line as far into the mouth as possible. Do not pull hard on the line and always release the fish immediately.

(e) Carefully return undersized, protected or unwanted catch back to the water. Catching undersized or unwanted species is inevitable. But they should be returned to the water in a humane manner immediately.

(f) When releasing a fish, support it carefully in the water, facing upstream (if in a river), until it is ready to swim off naturally. Barbel and grayling may have a particularly long recovery time, and should be supported in the water or held in a landing net until fully recovered.

(g) Wetting of hands or use of a wet cloth when handling fish improves their survival rate, and their contribution to future catches. Learn and practice the best methods of releasing live fish with a focus on releasing fish while still in the water.

(h) Respect all fish regardless of size or species.

(i) All eels should be returned alive, as it takes a long time for them to reach specimen size. Eels may become land-locked, in which case they will grow to specimen proportions and provide anglers with an interesting target. Once on the bank all eels should be handled with care. It is particularly important that the protective mucus is not removed in handling; never use newspaper to hold them but lay them on their backs and gently hold in this position for a few moments. The eel will calm down and is unlikely to move from this position. Unhook with forceps, if the eel is hooked in the lips or scissors. If the eel is deep hooked cut the line or trace as close to the eel's lips as possible and release immediately. The eel, under these circumstances, will lose the hook very quickly. Do not attempt to remove deep hooks from eels. The heart and other vital organs are very close to the back of the throat and you may cause fatal injuries if you damage them.

(j) Deep hooked perch should be treated with the same care as you would with eels. Hooklengths or traces should be cut as low down as possible and under no circumstances try to use a deep disgorger to remove deep hooks. In perch, the heart is very close to the back of the throat and it has been shown that fish are much more likely to survive if left to shed the hook naturally.

(k) Never drop or throw fish back into the water

(l) Sacks, slings, mats, nets and your own hands must all be wetted before use; note a mat left in the sun should be dipped in the water to cool it first. Transfer fish back to the water in a sling or enclosed mat, never carry them.

8.3. Photography:

(a) Select the location for photography, position unhooking mat plus wet covering etc, and have camera ready loaded with sufficient film, before bringing the fish onto the bank.

(b) When holding a fish, support it properly and keep it close to the ground, over an unhooking mat. Never stand, as dropping a fish could cause it severe damage.

(c) Photography of eels will be considerably easier if done immediately after unhooking.

8.4. Sacks & tubes

(a) Use only when necessary, and retain fish for the minimum time possible. Large fish that have been retained for a prolonged period can be difficult to handle, so be prepared.

(b) These accessories should be of a reputable make, with plenty of holes to provide a good water exchange. Ensure that they are clean and in good condition, and check the water flow through them, otherwise fish could be damaged.

(c) In use, secure in deep water only, even at night. In shallow margins fish may suffer or even die due to extremes of temperature or lack of oxygen. Stake out securely, placing only one fish in each sack or tube.

(d) In rivers, ensure that the fish faces upstream.

(e) Check fish regularly, and release them immediately if they show signs of distress. Hold them upright in the water (facing upstream in rivers), until they push off hard of their own accord.

(f) For catfish, zander, perch, big bream and barbel - only tubes should be used, and they must be large enough to properly accommodate the fish. Big bream however, can also be kept safely in large keepnets with 28" diameter rings. Please note that it is also helpful to cover a staked-out keepnet with light, damp sacking or weed. Framed sacks are also suitable.

(g) To help prevent the spread of disease, thoroughly dry all nets and sacks between sessions.

(h) The health and welfare of the fish must always be your first priority.

8.5. Keepnets:

(a) Keepnets are only suitable for small shoal fish. Never use for large carp, pike, zander, tench, perch, barbel, catfish or grayling. Large fish are not suited to keepnets because of their size, and others, regardless of size, such as carp and barbel, are unsuited because the serrated front rays of their dorsal fins can be caught and damaged by netting.

(b) Use only when necessary, and retain fish for the shortest time possible.

(c) Locate as with sacks and tubes. A "stake out bar" to prevent the net from collapsing ,or a weight on the end of the net is helpful, when wind or current could move it to the detriment of the fish. In moving water, a rectangular section net helps avoid rolling.

(d) Keepnets must comply with byelaws and angling regulations. Those with a drawstring or zip bottom release are best.

(e) The use of keepnets incorporating 'carp sacking' at the bottom to provide a dark, safe area, is to be encouraged. These are often referred to as 'conservation mesh'

8.6. KEEPNET CODE

(a) Wet hands before holding fish.

(b) Place the fish in the keepnet gently and as quickly as possible.

(c) Once positioned, avoid all unnecessary disturbance.

(d) Retain fish in keepnet for minimum period of time.

(e) Always use the largest keepnet possible.

(f) Do not overcrowd keepnet - when big catches are expected, take two nets.

(g) When safe to do so, on still or shallow waters always peg out the keepnet to prevent collapse.

8.7. When returning the fish to the water or weighing:

(a) Always place the keepnet as near to fishing position as possible - preferably immediately in front, so fish can be placed quickly.

(b) Collapse the keepnet and place the fish gently in the weighing bag or back into the water.

(c) Do not slide or tumble fish down the keepnet.

8.8. Environment Byelaws/Angling rules on keepnets, keepsacks and landing nets

(a) Any person shall be guilty of an offence if he uses:-

(i) a landing net with any knotted meshes or meshes of metallic material

(ii) a keepnet with any knotted meshes or meshes of metallic material, or having any holes in the mesh larger than 25mm internal circumference, or of less than 2.0 metres in length, or with supporting rings or frames greater than 40cm apart (excluding the distance from the top frame to the first supporting ring or frame) or less than 120cm in circumference.

(iii) a keepsack not constructed of a soft, dark coloured, non-abrasive, water permeable fabric, or having dimensions of less than 120cm by 90cm if rectangular, or 150cm by 30cm by 40cm if used with a frame or designed with the intention that a frame be used.

(b) Any person shall be guilty of an offence if he retains more than one fish in a single keepsack at any time.

(c) This Byelaw shall not apply to any keepnet or keepsack used for retaining eels which have been legally taken by instruments other than rod and line.

9. EDUCATION YOUR KNOWLEDGE

9.1. Educating other anglers, particularly children to understand and observe fishing regulations will lead to a better-informed recreational fishing community. This will encourage awareness of the environment and responsible recreational fishing.

10. FISH STOCKING, MOVEMENTS AND DISEASE

10.1. Never remove fish or introduce fish to any water without the consent of the the applicable government bodies and the permission of the venue owner. This includes the use of fish for live bait, which should NOT be transferred from one water to another, without the necessary consent. Serious problems have been caused through the illegal transfer of fish. The movement of fish between waters can introduce diseases or parasites, and it may also result in undesirable species of fish becoming established in waters which could upset the ecological balance of a fishery.

10.2. Stocking with fish from any source may only be undertaken once written consent has been obtained from the applicable authorities. It is the personal responsibility of the person stocking the fish to ensure that the necessary consent has been obtained. The introduction of non-native species can adversely affect existing fish stocks and ecology, and requires consent from the Department for Environment.

10.3. Unauthorised fish movements are illegal and prosecutable with serious penalties. Any fish stocking carries the risk of introducing diseases into the receiving water. Entire fisheries can be wiped out by diseases, even when the fish introduced appear to be healthy. The risks can be reduced by only using reputable fish suppliers. Never be tempted by cheap fish, and always obtain a proper invoice/receipt. Do not accept fish that are different from those ordered.

10.4. To avoid the accidental transfer of fish diseases and parasites, thoroughly dry or disinfect all nets, sacks and weigh-slings between angling sessions.

10.5. Stock Densities: Many stillwater venues contain stock densities well above those that would occur naturally, and the fish may be almost entirely dependent on anglers' bait to sustain them. While heavily stocked venues provide an enhanced level of sport, both anglers and venue owners should recognise that the stock densities are artificially high and that this has the potential to cause problems in terms of fish health and welfare and water quality, and it may increase the opportunities for predation by fish-eating birds and mammals. Within sensible limits heavily stocked venues are viable, providing that they are carefully and properly managed.

10.6. Conservation of Predators & Eels

(a) Fishery owners sometimes misguidedly cull predator species from fishing angling waters but the removal of large fish merely encourages an 'explosion' of younger predator fish, which feed more voraciously, and thus deprives anglers of the sport derived from larger predator specimens and the younger year classes of non-predator species.

(b) Eels do not breed in freshwater and are subject to higher levels of predation than most other freshwater species. Fishery owners and managers should consider the consequences to the species of allowing commercial netters to remove eels from their waters as part of the long-term management of the water. The mature eel must travel many thousands of kilometers in order to breed and our freshwater stocks are of prime importance in the preservation of the species as a whole.

11. THE USE OF BOATS

11.1. Always park your vehicle in a safe recognised parking place.

11.2. If you're boarding the boat early in the morning amongst domestic housing or marinas, keep noise to a minimum so as to not disturb other people.

11.3. Aboard the boat, listen to the skipper's safety introduction carefully and understand what he expects you to do should an emergency occur.

11.4. Never cut bait on the gunnels or decks of the boat. Always use a bait board.

11.5. Ensure that you do not encroach on other anglers' fishing areas, either on the bank or in another boat. This also applies to radio-controlled bait boats.

11.6. Buoyancy aids or preferably lifejackets must be worn at all times. Only select one SABS approved products. Know exactly where the life jackets are kept.

11.7. Make sure that the aid has sufficient buoyancy for the clothing and footwear you are wearing, and that it is capable of keeping you afloat on your back, otherwise you might float face downwards and drown: if in doubt seek specialist advice. Non-swimmers should wear a lifejacket which inflates automatically on immersion.

11.8. Wear trainer shoes or better still proper deck shoes. These protect the decks. Leather soled shoes will scratch and damage even GRP decking.

11.9. Always inform someone of your approximate location, and likely date and time of return.

11.10. Carry emergency equipment, e.g. waterproof torch, whistle, flares, baler, compass, mobile phone and spare oars.

11.11. Avoid wearing waders or heavy boots in a boat.

11.12. Never overload a boat with above its capacity

11.13. Obtain a weather forecast before setting out, and never go or stay afloat in bad weather.

11.14. Do not navigate after dark unless the boat is fitted with navigation lights.

11.15. Respect all other water users and avoid anchoring in a main navigation route or channel.

11.16. A large unhooking mat, foam or rubber underlay should always be carried to lay over the bottom boards, to protect the fish you may catch.

11.17. Take care when anchoring to minimise damage to the aquatic environment.

11.18. Fish species and other organisms must not be relocated/transferred into other water bodies Many problems, such as the establishment of feral populations and invasive weed can result from such activities. Unnatural interactions may result in depletion of fish populations. Wash your boat with fresh water to prevent translocation of marine organisms.

11.19. Take care that lead weights do not smash against the boat gunnels and sides when landing fish. Gel coat can easily crack causing hours of hard repair work for the owner.

11.20. Place all rubbish in a bin liner. All good skippers have these in place on the boat easily accessible to all. If your skipper does not, ask him to provide one.

11.21. Cut all discarded line in to 4in (110cm) lengths and place in the rubbish bag. Discarded line can still tangle birds on the rubbish tip.

11.22. Fillet and clean all fish aboard the boat prior to getting back to port. Never gut fish in front of the public alongside the quay or harbour wall.

11.23. This only applies to a minority, but if staying in local accommodation, be on your best behaviour. Some guesthouses and B & B's now refuse to take anglers due to previous bad language and disrespect to other residents.

11.24. Make sure any tackle left in the vehicle is hidden from view. Give thieves the option and they'll take it every time. Better still, take it all aboard with you.

SHORTEND VERSION OF THE CODE OF CONDUCT

1. ANGLING AND WILDLIFE

Anglers are natural conservationists. Time spent at the waterside instils appreciation and understanding of the natural environment, particularly in the young. The development and management of our fisheries contributes to the wildlife value of ponds, dams and rivers. Angling contributes towards our environment and people's enjoyment of nature, but inexperience or thoughtlessness may lead to wildlife being harmed and the good image of angling being tarnished.

2. GOLDEN RULES

2.1. Angling-Related Litter

(a) Never drop litter or discard tackle and remember that discarded nylon line is particularly hazardous to wildlife. Discarded or damaged line should be taken home and burnt or cut into short lengths before disposal

(b) Always clear up litter before you leave-even if it's not yours. If you see any litter or discarded tackle, pick it up, take it home and bin it.

2.2. Breakages and Snagging

(a) Remove immediately rigs caught up in bankside vegetation, branches or underwater snags where it is practicable and safe to do so.

(b) Report lost terminal tackle to club bailiffs or the fishery owner for removal, if you can not recover it.

2.3. Swim Choice

(a) Choose your swim with care to reduce the risk of snagging bankside trees, vegetation and obstructions in the water.

(b) Take extra care where people feed waterfowl; the birds may have learned to associate people with food at that site and their expectations will increase the risk of entanglements.

2.4. Unattended Rods

(a) Never leave rods unattended while fishing. Not only is it poor angling practice as it may result in a hooked fish becoming snagged but it also increases the risk of birds becoming entangled in the line or taking the bait. If you need to leave your swim, all lines should be retrieved, baits removed, and the hooks secured to the rod.

(b) Never leave rods on the bank with hooks still baited, as these food items could be picked up by birds or animals. It is against angling rules and regulations to leave a rod unattended while fishing.

2.5. Rigs

(a) Use a hook length of lower breaking strain line than the reel line where possible. Never use reel line straight through to the hook without a weaker link. This will ensure that the minimum amount of line is lost in the event of snagging. Leger links should also be of a lower breaking strain to minimise loss of line.

(b) Remember that whatever type of rig you use, weaknesses will occur at the knots where line is joined, where it is tied to swivels etc, and where shot are pinched onto the line.

(c) Check your reel line regularly for flaws caused by wear and damage. Remove and carefully dispose of any damaged line and replace your reel line regularly.

2.6. Bolt Rigs

(a) Bolt rigs or fixed leads are acceptable, providing the leger weight can slip free in the event of snagging or tangling. Make sure that if the line breaks it will not result in a fish or bird dragging a leger around.

2.7. Hooks

(a) Use barbless or reduced barb hooks where possible. Hooked or entangled birds are more likely to be able to rid themselves of the hook and in the event of a rescue being needed, removal of the hook from a bird will be much easier.

3. WEIGHTS & NETS

3.1. Lead weights are illegal in most sizes and non-toxic weights are widely available. Lead weights of 0.06 grams (No.8 shot) or less, or of more than 28.35 grams (1 oz) may be used.

3.2. Do remember too if you have just been given some tackle that perhaps has been sitting in some-ones attic for a while, it could be that it includes some of the old lead shot weights and split shot that are now illegal. If in doubt, do replace them with non-toxic shot! The same applies to old landing nets and keep-nets, the mesh types now are much kinder to fish and your local tackle dealer will happily advise whether yours are still usable.

4. WHILE FISHING

4.1. Beware of birds swimming into your line or picking up surface baits.

4.2. Submerge rod tips when legering using bite alarms. Keep lines under the surface to avoid waterfowl and where there is not heavy weedgrowth it may be possible to use back-leads to keep the line below the water surface.

4.3. Watch your rod at all times when legering with quivertips or other visual bite indicators. Again, it may be possible to keep the rod tip under or close to the water surface to avoid contact with birds' feet. Where this is not possible the line should be retrieved if there is a risk of birds swimming across the line.

4.4. Retrieve your line when float fishing if there is a risk of birds swimming through the line. Even when using a waggler float with the line "buried", it will be only just below the surface and still presents a risk.

4.5. Take great care when fishing surface baits such as bread or "floaters" as they may attract waterfowl. Sometimes the attentions of birds can be avoided by anchoring the bait with a back-lead which allows you to submerge the bait below the surface when a bird approaches. Remember, however, that swans can easily reach food a metre below the surface, and other birds often dive for food. If floating baits attract undue attention from birds then move away or choose a different fishing method.

4.6. Help other anglers - The vast array of tackle and fishing methods may result in novices using unsuitable tackle. A little time spent helping beginners can reduce tackle losses and improve their catches.

5. ANGLING CLUBS AND FISHERY OWNERS

5.1. Ensure that anglers follow the Golden Rules at your club competitions.

5.2. Include rules about litter on membership cards en at angling venues.

5.3. Promote the numbers overleaf.

5.4. Offer help and advice to beginners.

5.5. Organise "clean up" days to remove litter and tackle snagged in trees or vegetation.

5.6. Consider providing rubbish bins but only if you can empty them every evening.

5.7. Ask for advice from Nature Conservation and Environmental Organisations if you experience problems at your club grounds.

5.8. If the worst happens never attempt to restrain an injured large bird or animal by holding onto the line. This can cause severe injury and heightened trauma. For large birds and animals cut the line and report the incident as soon as possible to rescue organisations. Smaller birds may be freed at the time of the incident, or held comfortably in a small box or other dark space if treatment is required.